1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS) ua Si-H Reagent hauv Organic Synthesis
Taw qhia
Tom ntej: 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS, CAS 3277-26-7)yog hydrogen-functional siloxane uas muaj ob pawg silicon-hydrogen (Si-H) pawg.
Ntxiv rau nws txoj kev tsim los siv los ua ib qho kev siv tshuaj Si-H hauv hydrosilylation thiab organosilicon intermediate synthesis, TMDS kuj tau kawm ntau yam raws li hydrosilane reagent rau cov organic transformations.
Nws cov qauv molecular uas tau hais tseg, qhov hnyav molecular hnyav thiab ob qhov kev ua haujlwm Si-H reactive ua TMDS muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv catalyst-kev txo qis thiab cov txheej txheem molecular functionalization.
Kev tshawb fawb luam tawm tau tshaj tawm txog kev siv TMDS hauv kev txo lossis hloov pauv ntawm amides, nitriles, nitro compounds, carboxylic acids thiab lwm pab pawg ua haujlwm. Txoj kev tshuaj tiv thaiv tiag tiag thiab kev xaiv, txawm li cas los xij, nyob ntawm lub substrate, catalyst thiab txheej txheem txheej txheem.
Dab tsi ua TMDS muaj txiaj ntsig Si-H Reagent?
Cov mis mos molecular ntawm TMDS yogC₄H₁₄OSi₂, nrog cov qauv uas muaj ob lub davhlau ya nyob twg Si-H pawg txuas nrog los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm siloxane.
Cov Si-H daim ntawv cog lus no muab cov kev ua haujlwm rov ua haujlwm rau ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws.
Tsis zoo li silicone polymer lossis hydrogen silicone kua nrog kev faib tawm ntawm cov qauv molecular, TMDS yog ib qho me me molecule. Qhov no tuaj yeem pab tau thaum tus txheej txheem yuav tsum tau tswj hwm tus nqi ntawm Si-H reactive.
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm hluavtaws, TMDS tuaj yeem ua haujlwm li:
hydrosilane txo reagent;
ib tug reactive Si-H qhov chaw;
ib qho reagent hauv catalyst-mediated functional-pab transformations;
ib qho organosilicon tsev thaiv rau kev hloov kho molecular.
TMDS nws tus kheej yuav tsum tsis txhob totaub nrog lub catalyst. Hauv feem ntau ntawm nws cov khoom siv hluavtaws, qhov kev hloov pauv xav tau yuav tsum muaj qhov tsim nyog catalytic system thiab ua tib zoo xaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
TMDS raws li Kev Txo Reagent hauv Organic Synthesis
Ib qho ntawm cov kev kawm ntau tshaj plaws ntawm TMDS chemistry yog nws siv los txo cov tshuaj reagent.
Kev tshuaj xyuas luam tawm hauvOrganic Process Research & Developmentpiav qhia TMDS raws li qhov ua tau zoo ntawm organosilane txo tus neeg sawv cev thiab sau cov ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm kev hloov pauv hluavtaws qhia hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Cov no suav nrog kev txo qis ntawm amides, nitro pawg, nitriles, carboxylic acids thiab ntau lwm pab pawg ua haujlwm.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv cov khoom yog qhov ntawdTMDS muab Si-H kev ua haujlwm, thaum lub catalyst thiab substrate txiav txim siab seb yuav siv li cas.
Yog li ntawd, TMDS yuav tsum tsis txhob raug saib raws li ib tug universal txo tus neeg sawv cev uas ua rau tib yam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov mob.
Catalyst xaiv, substrate qauv, stoichiometry, qhov kub thiab txias thiab lwm yam kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev hloov pauv thiab kev xaiv.
Tus Neeg Sawv Cev Hom Kev Tshaj Tawm Tshaj Tawm rau TMDS
1. Amide Txo
Amide txo yog ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua ntawm TMDS chemistry.
Nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem catalytic thiab substrate, kev tshawb fawb tau qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm amides rau cov khoom xws li amines thiab aldehydes.
Lwm qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua ke TMDS- txo qhov nruab nrab nrog cov kauj ruam ua haujlwm tom ntej, ua kom pom tias cov reagent tuaj yeem koom nrog ntau cov tswv yim hluavtaws.
Qhov no ua rau TMDS cuam tshuam tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho organosilicon nruab nrab xwb tab sis kuj yog ib qho reagent txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv zoo - tshuaj thiab organic- kev tshawb fawb synthesis.
2. Nitrile txo
TMDS kuj tau raug tshuaj xyuas rau catalyst- pab txo cov nitrile pawg.
Cov kev tshawb fawb luam tawm hauv cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias tsim nyog cov kab ke catalytic tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv nitrile, suav nrog kev txo qis rau cov khoom amine lossis aldehyde nyob ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Raws li nrog rau lwm yam TMDS-kev tawm tsam, cov txiaj ntsig no yuav tsum nkag siab tias yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv- tshwj xeeb es tsis yog kev ua haujlwm dav dav ntawm cov khoom siv raw.
3. Nitro pab pawg txo qis
Lwm daim ntawv thov tshaj tawm yog txo cov nitro compounds.
Kev tshawb fawb tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Pesti thiab Larson suav nrog kev siv TMDS hauv catalyst-kev hloov pauv ntawm nitro pawg rau cov amines sib xws.
Cov ntawv thov no qhia txog lub luag haujlwm dav dav ntawm Si-H chemistry tshaj li cov khoom siv silicone.
4. Carboxylic Acid thiab lwm yam kev hloov pauv
TMDS kuj tau tshaj tawm hauv kev txo cov tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj cov carboxylic acids thiab cov pab pawg ua haujlwm muaj feem xyuam.
Cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov piv txwv hais txog carboxylic- txo cov kua qaub, txo qis etherification thiab lwm yam kev hloov pauv uas TMDS ua haujlwm raws li hydrosilane feem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Cov piv txwv no qhia tau hais tias muaj ntau yam ntawm TMDS, txawm hais tias tsim nyog yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam ib txwm rau qhov tshwj xeeb substrate thiab txheej txheem.
TMDS hauv Organosilicon Synthesis
Txawm hais tias TMDS muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov organic-synthesis chemistry, nws txoj haujlwm Si-H tseem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau organosilicon synthesis.
Lub davhlau ya nyob twg Si-H pab pawg tuaj yeem koom nrog cov kev cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj tsis haum tsis haum, tso cai rau TMDS los siv rau hauv kev npaj cov silanes, hloov siloxanes thiab lwm yam tshwj xeeb organosilicon intermediates.
Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub ntsiab lus bifunctional Si-H molecule nyiam dua li cov polymeric hydrogen - muaj cov khoom siv silicone.
Tej thaj chaw uas txaus siab yuav muaj xws li:
ua haujlwm silane synthesis;
tshwj xeeb siloxane npaj;
molecular txuas lossis hloov kho;
qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm siloxane rau hauv cov qauv organic;
kev loj hlob ntawm tshwj xeeb organosilicon intermediates.
Yog xav paub ntxiv txog kev sib tham txog txoj kev tshuaj tiv thaiv no, saib peb cov lus qhia muaj feem xyuam:
Tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS) hauv Hydrosilylation: Reactivity, Purity thiab tuav →
TMDS Piv nrog Lwm Cov Hydrosilane Reagents
TMDS yog ib qho ntawm ob peb hydrosilane reagents muaj rau cov kws tshuaj hluavtaws.
Cov hydrosilanes sib txawv tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv cov qauv molecular, tus lej thiab kev nkag tau ntawm Si-H pawg, steric ib puag ncig, lub cev muaj zog thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog cov kab ke tshwj xeeb catalytic.
Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj ib qho hydrosilane uas zoo rau txhua qhov kev tshwm sim.
Tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv sib piv TMDS nrog lwm cov hydrosilanes qhia tau hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua tau zoo thiab kev xaiv tuaj yeem sib txawv raws li cov catalyst thiab substrate siv.
Rau kev ntsuam xyuas kev lag luam, cov lus nug tsim nyog yog li ntawd tsis yooj yim:
"Yog TMDS ntau reactive dua lwm hydrosilane?"
tab sis theej:
"Yog TMDS haum rau cov catalyst tshwj xeeb, substrate thiab txheej txheem txheej txheem siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov no?"
Daim ntawv thov no -Txoj kev qhia tshwj xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb thaum tsiv los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas mus rau kev lag luam- nplai ntau lawm.
Vim li cas Purity thiab Batch Consistency Matter
Rau cov ntaub ntawv siv hluavtaws, cov xov xwm purity ib leeg tsis muab cov duab ua tiav ntawm cov khoom nyoos - cov khoom tsim nyog.
Catalyst- cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nruab nrab tuaj yeem nkag siab rau qhov hloov pauv hauv cov khoom nyoos- cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nyob ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb chemistry, kab impurities, ya raws thiab lwm yam khoom yuav cuam tshuam rau tus cwj pwm.
Vim li no, cov neeg yuav khoom ntsuas TMDS rau kev tshawb fawb lossis kev lag luam synthesis yuav tsum xav txog:
GC Purity
Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tseem ceeb muab cov ntsiab lus qhia txog cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Batch Consistency
Rov ua dua cov khoom nyoos- cov khoom zoo tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev soj ntsuam kuaj mus rau niaj hnub tsim.
Daim ntawv thov -Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb
Qee cov txheej txheem yuav xav tau kev tswj hwm impurity ntxiv lossis cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas dhau ntawm tus qauv muag khoom tshwj xeeb.
Batch Cov ntaub ntawv
Ib pawg - Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Kev Ntsuam Xyuas tshwj xeeb tso cai rau tus neeg siv khoom los ntsuas cov khoom siv tawm tsam qhov pom zoo tshwj xeeb.
CHIYE muab TMDS nrog tus qauv kev muag khoom ntawmNtau dua lossis sib npaug rau 99.5% purity los ntawm GC. Cov kev xav tau ntxiv yuav tsum tau tham txog raws li tus neeg siv khoom xav thov.
Xaiv TMDS rau Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Ntsuas Kev Lag Luam
Thaum ntsuas TMDS raws li Si-H reagent, cov kws tshawb fawb thiab pab pawg yuav khoom yuav tsum muab ntau tshaj qhov xav tau.
Cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig suav nrog daim ntawv thov, xav tau purity, cuam tshuam kev txwv tsis pub, kev sim lossis kev lag luam kom muaj nuj nqis thiab txhua yam txheej txheem - cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb.
Rau kev ntsuam xyuas thawj zaug, cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem thov:
cov khoom specification;
Hom COA;
TDS;
SDS;
qauv muaj;
cov ntaub ntawv muab khoom lag luam.
Rau cov ntawv thov kev lag luam, qhov sib xws ntawm cov qauv tsim nyog thiab cov khoom lag luam tom ntej tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb.
Cov qib TMDS uas tsim nyog yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li tus txheej txheem tiag tiag es tsis yog tus nqi purity ib leeg.
Xaus
Tom ntej: 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS)yog ntau tshaj li cov pa silicone intermediate.
Nws ob lub davhlau ya nyob twg Si-H pab pawg tso cai rau nws ua haujlwm raws li qhov muaj txiaj ntsig hydrosilane reagent hauv organosilicon chemistry thiab xaiv cov organic hloov pauv.
Cov kev tshawb fawb luam tawm tau tsim cov ntawv thov ntawm TMDS hauv catalyst-kev txo qis uas cuam tshuam nrog amides, nitriles, nitro compounds, carboxylic acids thiab lwm pab pawg ua haujlwm, thaum nws cov qauv Si-H txhais tau kuj txhawb hydrosilylation thiab tshwj xeeb organosilicon synthesis.
Vim hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus cwj pwm nyob ntawm cov catalyst, substrate thiab cov txheej txheem txheej txheem, TMDS xaiv yuav tsum yog raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm cov synthesis tshwj xeeb es tsis yog ntawm ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm reactivity.
Rau TMDS Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 99.5% cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb, Hom COA, SDS, qauv kev soj ntsuam lossis cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam, hu rau CHIYE technical thiab thoob ntiaj teb pab pawg muag khoom.
Technical References
1. Pesti, J.; Larson, GL
Tetramethyldisiloxane: Cov Khoom Siv Organosilane txo tus neeg sawv cev.
Organic Process Research & Development, 2016, 20(7), 1164–1181.
2. Tokyo Tshuaj Kev Lag Luam
1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane, CAS 3277-26-7 - Cov ntaub ntawv khoom thiab cov ntaub ntawv.
3. Trillo, P.; Slagbrand, T.; Adolfsson, H.
